Method of mechanically compounding an oil o



UNITE STATE-S ATENT Prion,

JOHN F; NEWELL, or GARDINER, MAINE.

METHOD OF MECHANICALLY COMPOUNDING AN OIL OR OILS WITH ANOTHER MATERIAL, do.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 520,493, dated May 29, 1894.

Application filed November 10, 1892- Serial No- 451,560. (Nqspecimens) To all whom it may concern.-

zen of the United States, and a resident of Gardiner, in the county of Kennebec, State of Maine, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes or Methods of Mechanically Compounding Oil and Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Materials, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of compositions or materials which in a plastic condition can be molded or compressed into any desired shape, and when finished will be hard, tough, and homogeneous.

In the manufacture of oil-containing articles from fibrous and non-fibrous materials designed to be molded or compressed While ina plastic state into self-lubricating bearings and various other articles or objects, it has heretofore been difficult, if not impracticable, to obtain a perfect and uniform permeation of oil throughout the fibrous and non-fibrous substances unless an excessive quantity of oil is employed to reduce the sub stance to a plastic condition, which would render it impracticable to mold or compress the composition into various forms or shapes possessing hardness, toughness, and homogeneity.

The objects of my invention are to avoid the objections stated, and to provide a new and improved process or method of compounding oil or varnish and fibrous and non-fibrous substances or materials for producing a composition which, when molded or compressed, is homogeneous, solid, compact, hard, and durable, and wherein the particles of consolidated or condensed fibrous or non-fibrous substances are individually coated with a quantity of oil or varnish considerably less than the quantity which would be required to saturate and reduce the fibrous and non-fibrous substances or materials to aplastic condition.

In carrying my invention into effect,I take a quantity of linseed or other oil or varnish and mechanically mix the same with comminuted plumbago, vegetable, mineral, or animal fiber and oxide, carbonate, or basic carbonate of lead, or the equivalent thereof, which will unite chemically with the oil to bind or cement the fibrous substance and plumbago together. To these substances is added a sufficient quantity of water to reduce the whole to a plastic condition, and this is 'efiected by beating or agitating the whole, so

that the water acts as a vehicle and the individual particles of solid substances become coated with oil, whereby a thorough incorporation and intermingling of the substances with each other is obtained, and a thorough permeation of the mass by the oil is secured. The plastic mass is then subjected to sufficient pressure to express the water and bring the oil-coated solid particles together, so that they are consolidated or condensed into a hard, tough, homogeneous body, article or object without, however, any substantial change in the condition of the substances employed. This body, article or object is then dried under heat, whereby the oxide, carbonate, or basic carbonate of lead, or equivalent thereof, will unite chemically with the oil to bind or cement the fibrous substance and plumbago together, and I produce a compact and practically homogeneous molded form of plumbago permeated throughout with fiber and the lead and oil.

By my invention the water acting as a vehicle causes the oil or varnish to uniformly permeate all the particles, and to individually coat the same, and when the water is expressed, the oil in correct quantity remains in and through all the particles of fibrous and non-fibrous substances, whereby I avoid that excess of oil which, in the absence of the water, would be'necessary to reduce the solid particles to a plastic condition; while I am enabled to mold or compress the compound in any desired object or article possessing hardness, toughness, and homogeneity, which could not practically be accomplished if the required quantity of oil alone were employed to permeate and reduce the mass to a plastic state. i

The fibrous substance may consist of jute or wood, .or asbestus, or the like, and the nonfibrous substances consist of plumbago and white lead or red lead, or both white lead and red lead, or any equivalent thereof,-which, as before stated, will chemically unite with the oil to bind or cement the fibrous substance and plumbago together.

What I claim is- 1. The process or method herein described,

of compounding oil or varnish and fibrous and non-fibrous substances, which consists in mixing the oil or varnish and the fibrous and non-fibrous substances in a quantity of water which acts as a vehicle for coating the individual solid particles with the oil or varnish, then expressing the water from the compound and condensing the latter in a hard homogeneous body and drying the latter to convert the oil or varnish intoa cement, substantially as described.

2. The process or method herein described of manufacturing a composition to be molded or compressed into various shapes, which consists in mixing oil or varnish, fibrous material, and an oxide, carbonate, or basic car- JOHN F. NENVELL.

Witnesses:

' O. B. CLASON,

GEO. E. SPARE. 

